Mou taught at NTNU from 1950-1956. He lectured on logic, theory of philosophy, pre-Qin philosophers and Chinese philosophy. He also founded the "Friends of Humanity Society"; the meetings were held in NTNU's classrooms; participation was open to members of the university and the public.

Mou was a master of Neo-Confucianism, he believed that the goal of modern Neo-Confucianism was: "affirmation of Confucian orthodoxy and affirmation of the value of morals and religion, upholding the source of humanity in the universe as advocated by Confucius and Mencius."

Mou translated Immanuel Kant's "Three Critiques" and incorporated Kantian philosophy into the philosophy of the mind of Confucius, Mencius, Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming, cross-interpreting Chinese and Kantian philosophies. In 1984 he was awarded the Executive Yuan's National Cultural Award.